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modoc plateau geology

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[20] This property could potentially be subjected to ground motion from displacement along any of these local and regional faults. The Lost River watershed drains the north part of the plateau, while southern watersheds either collect in basin reservoirs[clarification needed] or flow into the large Big Sage Reservoir, which sits in the center of Modoc County. In Washington and the rapidly developing areas around Bend in Oregon, timber companies have recently begun to sell their lands in the mid-elevation forest and transition zones to developers. Hill*s work, however, is of little value in understanding the areal . Oil drilling in the Wilmington field cause up to 30 feet of subsidence at the eastern end of Terminal Island between 1937 and 1958. These soils are moderately deep, moderately well drained and have slow permeability. This unit corresponds with unit Tb on the 1978 State map. [2] Cities and counties must regulate certain development projects within the zones, which includes withholding permits until geologic investigations demonstrate that development sites are not threatened by future surface displacement (Hart, 1997). They have a Capability Class rating of II and are classified as Prime Farmland when properly drained and irrigated (NRCS, 2000). The mountains are drained by the Russian, Eel, Mad and Klamath rivers which tend to follow faults and folds. The Central Valley includes the southern San Joaquin Valley and the northern Sacramento Valley. Major geologic changes began in the Cenozoic with continued continental shelf deposition of shale, sandstone and clay as well as near-shore tropical coal deposits. Initially, hydraulic mining was used to get at placer deposits, but it destroyed the landscape and choked rivers with sediments, ultimately being banned the California government in 1884. Map unit used in all counties for recent lake beds, playas, and flood plains. Elevations vary from 650 to 1300 feet and the bedrock consists of sandstone, siltstone, shale, some limestone and coal. Abstract. California Geological Survey External Resources This product is available, please note the publication series and number, and then contact: California Geological Survey Publications 801 K Street MS 14-34 Sacramento, CA 95814-3532 Phone: (916) 327-1850 Fax: (916) 327-1853 Email: cgspubs@conservation.ca.gov Medicine Lake volcano lies in a strongly east-west extensionaltectonicenvironment slightly east of the main Cascade Range arc axis on the Modoc Plateau in northern California. By 1861 it already extended 250 feet below ground and produced 970 flasks of mercury a month. Lake beds interbedded with volcanic ash are typical of the Cenozoic. Gold lodes upstream of the placers were found as well, the largest being French Gulch 15 miles west of Redding. With the exception of some metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks, most rocks in the Peninsular Ranges are igneous and Jurassic in age, dating to the time of the Nevadan orogeny. These soils are very deep (greater than 60 inches), very poorly drained, and mucky with slow permeability. However, each of the proposed uses would not expose people or new structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury, or death. The Modoc Plateau is a mile-high expansive prehistoric lava flow, with areas of sparse vegetation, rough broken lava rock, juniper trees, and sagebrush flats in a semi-arid region covering about a half-million acres. Geology They are small in area and are thought to represent a higher-grade metamorphic environment than the slate belt, and may have formed through subduction, when one plate slid beneath another. These soils are also basin soils and formed from alluvium derived from extrusive igneous rock. Water erosion hazard for bare soil is low to moderate, while the wind erosion hazard is low (refer to TableVI-1). Three remaining mapping units are located in a band along the southern portion of the property and include the Dugan-Graven Complex, Flooded, 0 to 5 percent slopes, Dugan-Graven Complex, 0 to 5percent slopes, and the Pittville Sandy Loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes occupy this area. 0 Reviews. Fossils are common in the marine rocks of the Pacific Beach and Mission Bay formation around San Diego. We'll be adding other personal features soon. Ground disturbing activities are prohibited on the Ahjumawi Property by the deed restrictions contained within the Conservation Easement, which will coincide with the property. The Klamath Mountains have several areas of preserved oceanic crust. The Golden State includes both the highest and lowest point in the continental US and practically every conceivable geological feature known. Construction workers needed to build dikes to protect a power plant and jack up bridges. Subsequently, sandstone and shale deposited while the region was still underwater. Shield volcanos. Pillow structures from rapid cooling water indicate underwater volcanism that produced basalt, andesite and diabase flows during the Miocene. They are very deep, poorly drained soils with slow permeability and a high shrink-swell potential (see TableVI-1). These mapped faults include the McArthur, Mayfield, Pittville, Hat Creek, and Rocky Ledge faults; whereby the McArthur fault trends northwesterly through the site between Big Lake and Horr Pond (CDMG, 1994). The oldest rocks are found in the San Jacinto and Santa Rosa mountains, with schist and gneiss that may be up to 22,000 feet thick. The plateau is capped with scattered small, young cinder cones and basalt flows. The purpose of the Alquist-Priolo Act is to regulate development on or near active fault traces to reduce the hazard of fault rupture and to prohibit the location of most structures for human occupancy across these traces. The Rocky Ledge fault trends northwesterly about three miles to the south of the transfer property (CDMG, 1994). Basalt flows, flow breccia, and basaltic peperite; minor andesite flows; some interbeds of tuff and tuffaceous sedimentary rocks. The Foothill Metamorphic Belt likely came ashore as an island arc terrane, colliding with the edge of North America to the west of the current Melones fault zone. Over 40 different oil and gas fields are found in association with the Transverse Ranges and their surrounding basins. The color geologic road maps, based on the 2010 Geologic Map of California, are detailed and easy to read. Major Pierson Reading found gold in 1848 in the Trinity River near Douglas City. The Ventura Avenue field, north of Ventura is one of the largest fields in California, producing since 1903. Drillhole data indicate that the plateau surface underlying the volcano has been downwarped by 0.5 kilometer under its center. In the early Cenozoic, widespread erosion of crystalline rocks inland produced huge quantities of sediment which deposited on the Cretaceous rocks of the Peninsular Ranges. Large mammals are emblematic of the ecoregion, which supports populations of elk, blacktail deer, mule deer, bighorn sheep, mountain lions, and black bears. Movement along the Sierra Nevada fault helped to create the new Muir Crest and parts of the mountain range rose up to 10,000 feet over the last three million years, creating a steep face to the west of Owens Valley. Sign in with your username (email address) and password. By contrast, the Eastern Klamath Plate is made up of limestone, chert and pyroclastic rocks, divided in half by the Trinity ophiolite. Most areas are vegetated by such plants as western juniper, ponderosa pine, antelope bitterbrush, manzanita, and Modoc cypress. They have a moderate to high hazard of erosion by water and a low to moderate erosion hazard from wind in exposed, bare areas (refer to TableVI-1). The Seismic Hazards Mapping Act was developed to protect the public from the effects of strong groundshaking, liquefaction, landslides, or other ground failure, and from other hazards caused by earthquakes. A small andesitic dome near Marysville is the only example of volcanic rocks in the valley exposed near the surface. Includes Pike Creek Formation of Walker and Repenning (1965), originally identified as Pike Creek Volcanic Series by Fuller (1931), and unnamed volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks of southern Lake County, some of which have been correlated with the Miocene and Oligocene Cedarville Formation of northeastern California, Lava flows, breccia, volcaniclastic and epiclastic rocks mostly of andesitic and dacitic composition; includes minor amounts of altered basaltic rocks. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. California has 435 recognized alliances and within those more than 1,200 vegetation associations exist. Therefore, the Shasta County Building division would not be required to issue a development permit. The services DOC provides are designed to balance today's needs with tomorrow's obligations by fostering the wise use and conservation of energy, land and mineral resources. "[1], It is a thick accumulation of lava flows and tuff beds, along with many small volcanic cones. Potassium-argon ages on rocks in unit from southeast Oregon range from about 13 to 16 Ma; lenses of interbedded tuffaceous sedimentary rocks locally contain a Miocene (Barstovian) vertebrate fauna, Plugs and domal complexes of rhyolitic, rhyodacitic, and dacitic composition; includes related near-vent flows, flow breccia, and deposits of obsidian, perlite, and pumice. In places contains mollusks or vertebrate fossils indicating Pleistocene age; mostly deposits of late Pleistocene age, but locally includes some deposits of early Holocene age. As discussed in Section1.0, Project Description, no development is proposed that would eventually be utilized for human occupancy. New Idria, New Almaden and mines in the Mayacmas Mountains have been the main sources throughout history. Includes Shumuray Ranch Basalt and Antelope Flat Basalt of Kittleman and others (1965), Grassy Mountain Basalt of Corcoran and others (1962), Drinkwater Basalt of Bowen and others (1963), basalt formerly assigned to Danforth Formation by Piper and others (1939) (see Walker, 1979), Hayes Butte Basalt of Hampton (1964), Pliocene and upper Miocene basalt flows capping and interstratified with the Madras (or Deschutes) Formation, and basalt flows interstratified in the Dalles Formation of Newcomb (1966; 1969). In the late 20th century, enough gold was found in association with the mercury, arsenic, tungsten and thallium to open the McLaughlin mine in the Mayacmas Mountains around Knoxville. They have a moderate hazard for water and wind erosion when bare. The transfer property within the State Park is located on two constituent soil types. Identify Priority Places: A Practitioner's Guide, Cumberlands and Southern Ridge and Valley, Willamette Valley-Puget Trough-Georgia Basin. Lava Beds National Monument contains the best examples of these, although numerous locations boast similar features, such as the Ahjumawi Lava Springs. These soils have a Capability Class rating of III to IV and are considered Prime Farmland when irrigated (NRCS, 2000). [J Curtis Kramer; Geological Society of Sacramento. These rocks date to the Cretaceous, with a lower sequence of conglomerate overlain by sandstone and shale, with huge ammonite fossils. Shasta, Lassen Peak, or Medicine Lake volcanic centers, all of which have experienced activity within the last 500 years (CDMG, 1994). and late Miocene in age (see Fiebelkorn and others, 1983), flows of Deer Butte Formation of Kittleman and others (1967), and extensive unnamed flow sequences in the Basin-Range and Owyhee Upland Provinces of southern Lake, Harney, and Malheur Counties that are younger than Steens Basalt, dated at about 15 Ma (Baksi and others, 1967) and the Owyhee Basalt, dated at about 14 Ma (Bottomley and York, 1976; see also Fiebelkorn and others, 1983), and older than 7 or 8 Ma. Most of the gold deposits date to the Cretaceous and formed in narrow belt around the Melones fault in quartz veins. Most precipitation accumulates from November through April. These rocks are rich in plagioclase, quartz and chlorite mica (which gives them a greenish color) and range up to 25,000 feet thick. The West Shasta district has a long history of copper and zinc production out of chalcopyrite and sphalerite. CA 36: Red . Free shipping for many products! Tertiary intrusive rocks; mostly shallow (hypabyssal) plugs and dikes. Platy flow-jointing common. [18]. Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), lodgepole pine, and western larch (Larix occidentalis) are common components of many of these forests. Potassium-argon ages on rocks from unit range from about 36 Ma (Swanson and Robinson, 1968) to about 20 Ma. The Transverse Ranges are poorly drained by streams, but subject to periodic intense flooding, typically every 20 to 25 years. Shelf and slope deposits would ultimately become Great Valley rocks, while the trench deposits became the Franciscan subduction complex. The monument, established in 1925, includes the sites of many important battles of the Modoc Indian War of 1872-73. During the Jurassic high sea levels retreated, switching to the deposition of the terrestrial Aztec sandstone. Sign In Skip to Main Content True. Volcanism continued through the Holocene, forming the 300 foot thick basalts of the Cima Volcanic Field or the Barstow-Amboy axis of volcanic craters, which have protected underlying granite from erosion. Nearly 1,000,000 acres (400,000 ha) of the Modoc National Forest are on the plateau between the Medicine Lake Highlands in the west and the Warner Mountains in the east. The soils have a Capability Class rating of IV and are not considered Prime Farmland. Without continuous dredging, San Diego Bay would fill with sediment and become dry land with deposition from the San Diego, Sweetwater and Otay rivers. The Modoc Plateau lies in the northeast corner of California as well as parts of Oregon and Nevada. There are no septic tanks or wastewater disposal systems proposed as part of this project, therefore this item is not applicable. Should one of the local faults in the area experience displacement, the McArthur Swamp could potentially experience levee failures from ground lurching and/or lateral spreading. In Rome Basin, includes discontinuous layers of poorly consolidated conglomerate characterized by well-rounded, commonly polished pebbles of chert and pebbles and cobbles of quartzite. It represents an ancient forearc basin that took shape as oceanic crust subducted under the west edge of the continent. Sandstone, shale, conglomerate, and fanglomerate; in part Pliocene and Oligocene. In addition, the McArthur Swamp area could be affected by regional volcanic events originating within the Mt. Active subduction began in the Triassic during the Mesozoic, producing large granite intrusions and the beginning of the Nevadan Orogeny as well as more dryland conditions and the retreat of the ocean to the west. Basalt is aphyric to moderately porphyritic with phenocrysts of plagioclase and olivine and exhibits both subophitic and diktytaxitic textures. In the Triassic, the Paleozoic rocks of the Calaveras complex were heaved under the Shoo Fly complex by the Sonoma orogeny, which is preserved in roof pendants and country rock inclusions. Includes rhyolite at Owyhee Dam, Jump Creek Rhyolite, and Littlefield Rhyolite, all of Kittleman and others (1965); Dooley Rhyolite Breccia of Gilluly (1937), radiometrically dated at 14.7 0.4 Ma by potassium-argon methods (Fiebelkorn and others, 1983); resurgent domal masses in McDermitt caldera area; and extensive unnamed flows and ash-flow tuffs in the central and southern part of the Owyhee Upland. Soils located on the Ahjumawi Property consist of the Pastolla muck, 0 to 1 percent slopes, which are similar to those located along the Bowman Ditch, except that it is not artificially drained (NRCS, 2000). Rhyolite volcanic ash buried other streams during the Oligocene forming tuff that early miners need to dig through to get at placer gold, and many old buildings in the region are made of blocks of tuff. Some rocks in the Western Jurassic Plate seem to have been subducted, reaching blueschist grade metamorphism in the sequence of metamorphic facies in the South Fork Mountain schist. For much of the Cenozoic the region was filled with lakes and brackish swamps. [Age is early Tertiary (Eocene).] Some counties divided the alluvium into younger and older units, and some did not. Examples of rock formations in the Franciscan subduction complex include the Calera limestone east of the San Andreas fault or the Laytonville limestone which extends north of San Francisco to Eureka. 896, p. 1018-1019). The Modoc National Forest has four obsidian mines in the Warner Mountains near Davis Creek, Calif. on the east side of the forest where it is legal to collect obsidian with a free permit available from the Forest Supervisor's office in Alturas. The Coast Range is at even higher risk for damaging landslides than other parts of coastal California due to sheared serpentinite in Franciscan basement rocks. Whipp soils account for approximately 60 percent of these map units, while Cupvar soils account for approximately 25 percent. Britton Silt Loams, 30 to 50 percent slopes soils are characterized as being relatively shallow (10 to 20inches), and well drained with moderately slow permeability. Additionally, each of the properties lie within or adjacent to an Alquist-Priolo Fault-Rupture Study Zone. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. They have a Capability Class rating of II and are considered Prime Farmland when irrigated (NRCS, 2000). It is drained by the Pit River, which ultimately reaches Shasta Lake and the Sacramento River. Proposal Type: Mandatory Revision Course is being updated for periodic review. In addition, the Bowman Ditch and surrounding area are located within an area that could be affected by regional volcanic events originating within the Mt. These soils have formed in dissected lacustrine terraces from alluvium derived from diatomite lacustrine deposits (NRCS, 2000). The combination of these processes and volcanic activity created rugged ridges extending southeast to east from the Cascade crest. The plateau supports large herds of Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus), Rocky Mountain Elk (Cervus canadensis), and Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana). All Rights Reserved. The rocks likely formed much further away from the Sierras and were relocated by the dramatic movements of faults. In the northern end of the county are notable Goose Lake, Tule Lake, and the three lakes of Surprise Valley. Geothermal systems with evidence of magmatic heat, associated wi The Modoc Plateau Region (Figure MOD-1) encompasses 22,858 km of the volcanic tablelands east of the Cascade and northern Sierra Nevada ranges in Modoc, Lassen, and Siskiyou counties. Golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) inhabit a small portion of their historical ranges and are limited in distribution while the peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) is making a comeback. Most of the gold historically mined in California originated in the Mother Lode belt, located in the foothills of the western Sierras. North of the San Joaquin River, the mountains have a tilted-block pattern caused the Sierra Nevada fault, which is interpreted as being similar to the more common Basin and Range terrain to the east. These sulfide minerals derive from the Copley Greenstone and or sea floor vents when the region was far offshore and formed as hot water "invaded" the Balaklala rhyolite. With the close-proximity of numerous faults, these sites within the Park could potentially be subjected to ground motion from displacement along any of these local and regional faults. This 6"x9" paperback has 371 pages that are packed with detailed information about California Geology. Much of the north-eastern part of the state is actively stretching apart, creating numerous faults, all capable of producing earthquakes. The Peninsular Ranges are a group of mountain ranges that extend 900 miles (1,400km) from the Los Angeles basin and Transverse Ranges southward the entire length of Baja California. Location & Geology. In the Shoo Fly complex, the Bullpen Lake sequence has bedded cherts and cooled pillow lava that closely resembles rocks found on flat-topped offshore volcanic guyots, suggesting a deep-sea origin for the base of the Sierras sometime before the Devonian. [9]. Precipitation also changes significantly from north to south, with annual rainfall below 12 inches per year in portions of the Modoc Plateau in California. These soils formed in basins of mixed alluvium and are moderately deep, poorly drained soils with slow permeability and a high shrink-swell potential (see TableVI-1). May include some rocks of middle Miocene age in the area west and northwest of Lakeview. The Santa Monica Mountains and the Channel Islands are different than the mountains to the north because they have granitic and metamorphic basement rocks more like the Sierra Nevada. Links to Completed Ecoregional Assessments. Typical rock formations in the area include volcanic breccia, mud and ash flows, lava flows, lacustrine (lake) deposits, and cinder cone pyroclastic rocks. The Colorado Plateau, also known as the Colorado Plateau Province, is a physiographic and desert region of the Intermontane Plateaus, roughly centered on the Four Corners region of the southwestern United States. The East Cascades in Washington and northern Oregon resulted from tectonic uplift and subsequent erosion by alpine glaciers and landslides. Modoc Plateau, and West Cascades Ecoregional Assessments. Most of the Modoc National Forest is covered by basaltic lava flows. This produced major crustal stretching, volcanism and displacement of up to 125 miles. The monument, established in 1925, includes the sites of many important battles of the Modoc Indian War of 1872-73. The Modoc Plateau has a diverse geography, with portions draining into closed basins such as Goose Lake and Surprise Valley, and most of the remainder draining into the Pitt River, a tributary of the Sacramento River. The Franciscan subduction complex makes up the basement rock for part of the range, with a mlange dominated by graywacke first deposited in offshore deep ocean basins. In all, 20 oil fields are located in the Santa Barbara Channel, with one of the largestthe Dos Cuadras fieldfound in 1968, although a major spill on January 18, 1969, hampered interest in the field. These rocks were likely moved to their current location by the two major faults. Occasional lakes, marshes, and sluggishly owing streams meander across the plateau. Therefore, the volcano may be even larger than the estimated 600 km3(143 mi3, already the largest volcano by volume in the Cascade Range. During the Pleistocene, the mountains had a large number of glaciers and cirques and glacially-carved U-shaped valleys are remaining features from that time period. [7], The Klamath Mountains formed as small island arc terranes accreted against the coast of North America before and during the Devonian and overlain by newer rocks, deposited from the Cretaceous to modern times. The oldest "roof" rocks in the Peninsular Ranges date to the Paleozoic, such as limestone deposits near Riverside quarried for the concrete industry. Five Holocene Faults including the McArthur, Mayfield, Pittville, Hat Creek, and Rocky Ledge faults are all located within 20 miles of the property. One potassium-argon age of about 28 Ma on porphyritic hornblende andesite from Sheep Creek, southwest corner of Union County, indicates in part coeval with unit Tsf. The tribes manage tribally-owned lands on reservations and are also involved in monitoring and research activities on ceded lands. Gold appears in quartz veins that cut through slate, siltstone and shale originating in the Shasta Bally batholith. Rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and cutthroat trout are the common cold water inhabitants. The Lava Flows-Gassaway Complex, 2 to 15 percent slopes map unit is found along the northeastern shoreline of Big Lake at the northeastern edge of the site. California's Geomorphic Regions Modoc Plateau Location: located east of Cascade Range and adjacent to the Basin & Range Region The Modoc Plateau is the California part of the greater Colombian Volcanic Plateau that extends into Oregon, Washington & Canada Mountains California's Geomorphic Regions: These different regions are called geological provinces. This ecoregion has one of the most extensive Ponderosa pine forests in the western U.S., occurring in all parts of the ecoregion, from Wenatchee to Mount Lassen. The geomorphology of the Sierra Nevada is comparatively recent, dating to as recently as the Quaternary. Therefore, it is located within a zone of crustal weakness that likely provides a preferred pathway formagmasto reach the surface; the regional fault trends are the primary control onventlocations. Pyroclastic Rock. Technicians will serve vegetation management and fuels reduction efforts, supporting initiatives for healthy, productive, and resilient forest landscapes and resources. ADVERTISEMENT As with its flora, this diversity arises as a result of topography, unique climate, geology, and ecological isolation. The Shasta County General Plan contains a Public Safety Element as required by Section 65302(g) of the California Government Code, which requires that General Plans include an element containing identification and appraisal of seismic and geologic hazards. Rockhounding. [4] and Modoc Cypress (Cupressus bakeri).[5]. Tertiary pyroclastic and volcanic mudflow deposits. [14]. Locally includes resurgent domes related to caldera complexes. On the McArthur Swamp property, grading activities involved with the construction and development of wetland habitat at the Hollenbeak and Ash fields would have the potential to cause accelerated erosion, unless proper erosion control measures are implemented. California has some of the most distinctive and unique geology in the United States. Lavaflows reach elevations as low as 1,024 m (3,360 ft) although most lavas are found above 1,249 m (4,100 ft), the approximate elevation of the surrounding Modoc Plateau. Found at high elevations mostly in the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains. Course Description: Application of the principles of geology to interpret rock sequences and evaluate the potential for volcanic activity in the Cascades Range and Modoc Plateau region of Northern California. Numerous lakes, reservoirs and marshes characterize the East Cascades, providing exceptional habitat for waterfowl, shorebirds and wading birds, aquatic mammals, amphibians, fish, aquatic plants and invertebrates. Reference: Chorlton, L.B. The geologic information, particularly for the Klamath Mountains, Modoc Plateau, and northern Sierra Nevada, has been updated to reflect the more recent geologic understanding of these complex areas. Mostly nonmarine, but includes marine deposits near the coast. It is composed of layers of volcanic flows and periodic volcanic uplifts. At least 300 lava tubes are known in Lava Beds National Monument, some of which preserve ice year round. Discovering the Colorado Plateau - Bill Haggerty 2021-04-01 The Colorado Plateau is America's western treasure, home to the country's highest concentration of national parks, monuments, wilderness areas, and state parks, and a near-endless bounty of wild, stunning landscape.

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